Decision-Making in Healthcare and the Law: An Introduction

Decision-making in healthcare and the law: an introduction.

Understanding Decision-Making in Healthcare and the Law Shared Decision-Making

Shared decision-making (SDM) between physician and patient is an idea founded in ethics and the law and in some evidence of superior health outcomes. SDM is the practical reconciliation of respect for persons (autonomy) and the monopoly and power of physicians: a middle ground between “nanny-knows-best” paternalism and rampant consumerism. SDM includes the notion of a medical encounter as a “me...

Fuzzy decision making in testing hypotheses: An introduction to the packages ``FPV" and ``Fuzzy.p.value" with practical examples

This paper reviews and compares two R packages ``FPV" and ``Fuzzy.p.value".These packages are designed for testing hypotheses in a fuzzy environment using a fuzzy $p$-value based approach.In fact, the packages ``FPV" and ``Fuzzy.p.value" propose some useful functions for testing hypotheses when the data / hypotheses are fuzzy rather than crisp.The proposed methods and function...

Active learning and decision making: an introduction to the collection

The importance of exploratory behaviors by which agents actively sample information has been long appreciated in a range of disciplines. However, because of their complexity and cognitive nature, these behaviors have been difficult to characterize. In recent years, a resurgence of interest in this question has been based on a confluence of ideas from multiple fields, including machine learning,...

The interaction between reasoning and decision making: an introduction.

Reasoning and decision making are high-level cognitive skills that have been under intensive investigation by psychologists and philosophers, among others, for the last thirty years. But, methods and theories have developed separately in the two fields so that distinct traditions have grown with little to say to one another. The aim of this special issue of Cognition is to encourage and help wo...